System and method for using data tags to track and manage tasks to provide object-to-object services

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and system that use data tags to track tasks in applications to provide Object-to-Object (OTO) services. A first application data tag is issued by a data tag server as in an OTO service platform in response to an initiation of a first application by a first initiator. The first data tag specifies at least one first task for fulfilling a first service. The first application data tag is scanned by a first user terminal by a first participant. A first action data tag is issued by the data tag server. A first dynamically variable task data tag is issued by the data tag server to track the first task in the first action. The first dynamically variable task data tag is updated to record the completion of the first task in the first action when the first task is completed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present application relates to the field of computer applicationtechnologies, especially the field of data coding and data tagging.

Two-dimensional (2D) codes (also referred as two-dimensional barcodes,data matrix codes or QR codes) have large information capacity, highsecurity, high rate of data retrieval, and error correction ability.After they were invented, 2D codes have been widely applied to logisticsand operations management, and identification card management.

With increased popularity of smart phones, 2D codes can be captured anduploaded onto real-time Internet by smart phones in real time and usedcross-media channels, which enable them to find wide applications inObject-to-Object (OTO) fields, such as information acquisition, mobileshopping, commodity counterfeiting, identity authentication, coupondistribution, and so on.

The mobile OTO applications of 2D codes currently focus on providingconvenience in e-commerce; it still lacks in-depth applications.

On challenge to conventional 2D codes is that the servers that issue the2D codes are responsible for the whole application process after the 2Dcodes are issued. For complex business applications, issuing 2D codeswith comprehensive functions and integration of various stages of 2Dcode application require a lot of human and financial investments, whichposes a barrier to 2D codes' application in large and complete businessmodels. There is therefore a need to simplify the processes, in orderfor 2D codes to be effectively used in a wider range of and especiallylarge-scale business applications. Moreover, there is also a need forbetter user experiences in 2D code applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application discloses systems and methods intended toovercome the above mentioned disadvantages in the conventional systems.The disclosed data tagging methods and systems are simplified and easierto use comparing to conventional technologies. In particular, thedisclosed data tagging methods and systems can enable complex and largescale applications. The disclosed data tagging methods and systems alsoprovide better user experiences and low-cost data tagging methods andsystems.

In one aspect, the disclosed system and method use task data tags totrack and manage tasks in applications and activities. The data tagsinclude data fields that reflect the status and milestones of eachactivity. The data tags are functions of time which depend on thefulfillment status of the tasks in an activity. The task data tags aredynamically updated as different tasks are fulfilled.

In another aspect, the disclosed system and method provide task datatags that can be extended and combined to expand applications to includeadditional tasks, functions, and services. Simple tasks and activitiescan thus be used as building blocks for large scale, complex commercialapplications. The relationships between tasks are logically defined andtracked by task IDs for the data tags.

Importantly, the disclosed data tag systems and methods not only enablecomplex applications to be easily developed based on existingapplications, but also encourage different parties to collaborate togeneral new opportunities for the business and new services forcustomers, which results in a much healthy digitally enabled businessecosystem.

In one general aspect, the present invention relates to a computernetwork system for using data tags to track, manage, and updateapplications and tasks to provide Object-to-Object (OTO) services,comprising: one or more data tag servers in an OTO service platformconfigured to receive an initiation of a first application by a firstinitiator, wherein the one or more data tag servers are configured toissue a first application data tag that specifies at least one firsttask for fulfilling a first service in the first application, whereinthe one or more data tag servers are configured to issue a first actiondata tag when the first application data tag is scanned by a first userterminal operated by a first participant, wherein the one or more datatag servers are configured to issue a first dynamically variable taskdata tag to track the first task in the first action, wherein the one ormore data tag servers are configured to update the first dynamicallyvariable task data tag to record completion of the first task inresponse to completion of the first task in the first action.

Implementations of the system may include one or more of the following.The one or more data tag servers can receive information of a recipientof the first service from the first user terminal and to embed theinformation about the recipient in the first action data tag. The one ormore data tag servers can embed the identification of the firstparticipant in the first action data tag. The first application data tagcan store functions or information about target servers for fulfillingthe first service. The information about the target servers can includeapplication programming interface (API), parameters, and protocolassociated with the target servers. The computer network system canfurther include a data base in communication with the one or more datatag servers and configured to store information about the firstapplication including at least the first initiator, the first task, andthe first service. The computer network system can further include anOTO access-point router in communication with the one or more data tagservers and the first user terminal, configured to store informationabout the first application including t least the first initiator, thefirst task, and the first service. The one or more data tag servers canissue a second action data tag when the first application data tag isscanned by a second user terminal operated by a second participant,wherein the one or more data tag servers can issue a second dynamicallyvariable task data tag to track the first task in the second action,wherein the one or more data tag servers can update the seconddynamically variable task data tag to record completion of the firsttask in response to completion of the first task in the second action.The one or more data tag servers can receive an initiation of a secondapplication by a second initiator and to issue a second application datatag that specifies at least one first task for fulfilling a secondservice in the second application, wherein the one or more data tagservers can issue a third action data tag when the first applicationdata tag and the second application data tag are scanned by a third userterminal operated by a third participant, wherein the one or more datatag servers can issue dynamically variable task data tags to track thetasks in the third action, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to update the third dynamically variable task data tags torecord completion of the third tasks in response to completion of thethird tasks in the third action. The one or more data tag servers canreceive an initiation of a second application by a second initiator andto issue a second application data tag that specifies at least one firsttask for fulfilling a second service in the second application, whereinthe one or more data tag servers can initiate a third application whenthe first application data tag and the second application data tag arescanned by a fourth user terminal operated by a third participant,wherein the one or more data tag servers can receive a request from thethird participant to add a third service in the third application,wherein the one or more data tag servers can issue a fourth action datatag that specifies tasks to fulfill the first service, the secondservice, and the third service in the third application. The one or moredata tag servers can issue dynamically variable task data tags to trackthe tasks in a fourth action, wherein the one or more data tag serversare configured to update the dynamically variable task data tags torecord completion of the tasks in response to completion of the tasks inthe fourth action. The first application data tag, the first action datatag, or the first dynamically variable task data can be printed on aphysical tag. The first application data tag, the first action data tag,or the first dynamically variable task data can be displayed in anelectronic device. The first application data tag, the first action datatag, or the first dynamically variable task data can include aone-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code, a two-dimensional barcode,a data matrix code, a QR code, or a three-dimensional code. The firstapplication data tag can be decoded to extract the at least one firsttask for fulfilling the first service.

In another general aspect, the present invention relates to acomputer-implemented method for providing services using data tags. Themethod includes in response to an initiation of a first application by afirst initiator, issuing a first application data tag by one or moredata tag servers in an OTO service platform, wherein the first data tagspecifies at least one first task for fulfilling a first service in thefirst application; allowing the first application data tag to be scannedby a first user terminal by a first participant; responsive to scanningof the first application data tag by the first user terminal, issuing afirst action data tag by the one or more data tag servers; issuing afirst dynamically variable task data tag by the one or more data tagservers to track the first task in the first action; and in response tocompletion of the first task in the first action, updating the firstdynamically variable task data tag to record the completion of the firsttask.

Implementations of the system may include one or more of the following.The computer-implemented method can further include receivinginformation of a recipient of the first service from the first userterminal; and embedding the information about the recipient in the firstaction data tag. The computer-implemented method can further includeembedding the identification of the first participant in the firstaction data tag. The first application data tag can store functions orinformation about target servers for fulfilling the first service. Theinformation about the target servers can include application programminginterface (API), parameters, and protocol associated with the targetservers. The computer-implemented method can further include allowingthe first application data tag to be scanned by a second user terminaloperated by a second participant; responsive to scanning of the firstapplication data tag by the second user terminal, issuing a secondaction data tag by the one or more data tag servers; issuing a seconddynamically variable task data tag by the one or more data tag serversto track the first task in the second action; and in response tocompletion of the first task in the second action, updating the seconddynamically variable task data tag to record the completion of the firsttask. The computer-implemented method can further include: responsive toinitiation of a second application by a second initiator, issuing asecond application data tag by the OTO service platform, wherein thesecond application data tag specifies at least one second task forfulfilling a second service; allowing the first application data tag andthe second application data tag to be scanned by a third user terminaloperated by a third participant; responsive to the third user terminaland the third participant, issuing a third action data tag by the one ormore data tag servers; issuing dynamically variable task data tags bythe one or more data tag servers to track the first task and the secondtask in the third action; and in response to completion of the firsttask and the second task in the third action, updating the dynamicallyvariable task data tags to record the completion of the first task andthe second task. The computer-implemented method can further includeresponsive to initiation of a second application by a second initiator,issuing a second application data tag by the OTO service platform,wherein the second application data tag specifies at least one secondtask for fulfilling a second service; allowing the first applicationdata tag and the second application data tag to be scanned by a thirduser terminal operated by a third participant; allowing the thirdparticipant to add a third service to initiate a third application; andresponsive to the third user terminal and the third participant, issuinga third application data tag by the one or more data tag servers,wherein the third application data tag specifies tasks to fulfill thefirst service, the second service and the third service. Thecomputer-implemented method can further include: responsive to scanningof the third application data tag by a fourth user terminal, issuing afourth action data tag by the one or more data tag servers to initiate afourth action; issuing dynamically variable task data tags to track thetasks in the fourth action; and in response to completion of the tasksin the third action, updating respective dynamically variable task datatags to record the completion of the tasks in the fourth action. Thefirst application data tag, the first action data tag, or the firstdynamically variable task data can be printed on a physical tag. Thefirst application data tag, the first action data tag, or the firstdynamically variable task data can be displayed in an electronic device.The first application data tag, the first action data tag, or the firstdynamically variable task data can include a one-dimensional code, atwo-dimensional code, a two-dimensional barcode, a data matrix code, aQR code, or a three-dimensional code. The computer-implemented methodcan further include decoding the first application data tag to extractthe at least one first task for fulfilling the first service.

The disclosed data tagging methods can include one or more of thefollowing steps:

(1) A user terminal acquires tag data, and parses the tag data to obtaina set of information about the services and functions related to abusiness application. The service information and function informationcorrespond to respective target servers;

(2) The user terminal and the target servers exchange information aboutthe services and functions in order to accomplish the services andfunctions, and fulfill the business application.

Step (1) in the disclosed method can include the following steps:

(a) The user terminal acquires tagging data from a data tag server,parses the tag data, and obtains corresponding information about thebusiness application in the tag data;

(b) Based on the information about the business application, the userterminal obtains the set of service and function information andinformation about target servers related to the services and thefunctions.

The service and function information can include service SoftwareDevelopment Kits (SDK) and function SDKs respectively corresponding tothe services or functions. The service SDK and the function SDKrespectively include information about their respective target servers,comprising application programming interface (API), parameters, andprotocol associated with the target servers.

Step (2) in the disclosed method can include one or more of thefollowing steps:

(a) based user operations, the user terminal selects some or all in theset of service and function information;

(b) The user terminal interacts with each target server to exchange theselected service and function information, to accomplish appropriateservices and functions, and to complete the business application.

In the disclosed method, the step of user terminal interacting with eachtarget server to exchange the selected service and function informationincludes the following steps:

The user terminal determines whether the selected service and functioninformation will be exchanged with the target servers in sequential orin parallel order;

The user terminal exchanges the selected service and functioninformation with the target servers in sequence or in sequential or inparallel order.

The present disclosure also provides a data tagging system comprising auser terminal, which can include a tag data acquisition module, a tagdata analysis module, and an interaction control module. The tag dataacquisition module is configured to acquire data from data tags andstore the data. The tag data analysis module parses the tag data toobtain a set of data corresponding to services and functions forbusiness applications. The interaction control module exchanges serviceand function information with corresponding target servers, toaccomplish appropriate services and/or functions, and to complete thebusiness application.

The disclosed data tagging system also includes a data tag server thatis configured to provide, to the user terminal, tag data according tothe services as well as service and function information, correspondingto respective target servers.

In the disclosed data tagging system, the data tag server can store alist of application services and corresponding service and functioninformation, and information about target servers associated with theservice and function information. The target server information includesAPI, parameters, and protocol about the associated target server.

In the disclosed data tagging system, the user terminal can be a wiredor a wireless terminal, wherein the data tag server is connected to theuser terminal through a computer network.

In the disclosed data tagging system, the user terminal further includesa selection control module operated by a user and configured to selectsome or all in the set of the service and function information.

In the disclosed data tagging system, the user terminal further includesa sequence control module configured to determine the order (i.e.sequential parallel) of the selected service and function information toexchange with target servers.

In the disclosed data tagging method and system, the tag dataacquisition module in the user terminal obtains tag data; the tag dataanalysis module parses the tag data to obtain a set of datacorresponding to services and functions for business applications; theinteraction control module exchanges service and function informationwith corresponding target servers, to accomplish appropriate servicesand/or functions, and to complete the business application. Thedisclosed data tagging method and system enables the user terminal todirectly interact with target servers to accomplish the businessapplication defined by the service and function information, whichallows the tasks in complex business applications to be accomplished bydistributed servers, and eliminates the need for building applicationservers in a network system. The disclosed data tagging method andsystem can thus reduce the cost for application service providers tobuilding dedicated application servers, allow the data tags to be usedmore broadly, and provide better user experiences and low-cost datatagging methods and system.

These and other aspects, their implementations and other features aredescribed in detail in the drawings, the description and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a data tagging flow diagram in accordance with someembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a computer network system for providingservices using data tags in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart for using data tags to track and manage tasks inan action based on an application.

FIG. 4 illustrates managing complex applications and actions usingnested task data tags.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another computer network system forproviding services using data tags in accordance with some embodimentsof the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a detailed system block diagram of an OTO access-pointrouter in the computer network system in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 illustrates exemplified functions of the OTO access-point router,the user terminal, the one or more data-tag servers, and the targetservers in the computer network system in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 illustrates the creation of secondary applications using nestedtask data tags to expanding applications and services.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The disclosed invention can be more clearly understood with thefollowing detailed descriptions of the exemplified embodiments.

A data tagging flow diagram in accordance with disclosed method is shownin FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the disclosed data taggingmethod can include the following steps:

Step 1: the user terminal acquires data from data tag (step 11) whichcan be one-dimensional barcode, two-dimensional or three-dimensionalcode. The data tag can also include a RFID tag, and near fieldcommunication (NFC) data. The user terminal analyzes the data tag toobtain a set of service and function information related to a businessapplication (step 12). The service and function information arecorresponding to respective target servers (step 13). Examples of targetservers include data tag server configured to generate data tags thatdefine services, functions, and target servers that implement theservices and the functions, analysis server configured to extractservice and function information from tag data, selection serversconfigured to allow user to select a service, location server configuredto determine a user's location, authentication server configured toauthenticate user's identification, and purchase server configured toprocess a user's order.

Step 2: the user terminal exchanges the service and function informationwith the target servers (step 21) in order to accomplish the servicesand functions, and fulfill the business application (step 22).

Step 1 in the disclosed method can include the following detailed steps:

(a) The user terminal acquires tagging data from a data tag server,parses the tag data, and obtains corresponding business applicationinformation in the tag data;

(b) Based on the business application information, the user terminalobtains a set of service and functions information, and informationabout target servers related to the services and functions. Serviceinformation and function information can include product information,location information, logistics, shopping mode selection, and order andpayment information.

In some embodiments, the service and function information can includeservice Software Development Kits (SDK) and function SDKs correspondingto the services or functions. The service SDK and the function SDKrespectively include information about their respective target servers,comprising application programming interface (API), parameters, andprotocol associated with the target servers.

Step 2 can include one or more of the following detailed steps:

(a) Based user operations, the user terminal selects some or all in theset of the service and function information;

(b) The user terminal interacts with each target server to exchange theselected service and function information, to accomplish appropriateservices and functions, and to complete the business application.

In some embodiments, the step of user terminal interacting with eachtarget server to exchange the selected service and function informationincludes the following steps:

The user terminal determines whether the selected service and functioninformation will be exchanged with the target servers in sequential orin parallel order;

The user terminal exchanges the selected service and functioninformation with the target servers in sequence or in sequential or inparallel order.

As shown in the above examples and illustrated in FIG. 2, a computernetwork system 200 for providing services using data tags includes aservice definition server 210, one or more data-tag servers 220 forgenerating and issuing data tag (e.g. 2D code) and for analyzing dataobtained from data tags, data tags 230 published on electronic media orprinted on paper media, a smart user terminal 240 (e.g. a smart phone)installed with a software application configured to capture an image ofthe data tag and decode the data tag, which is subsequently analyzed bythe data-tag server 220, and one or more target servers 250 that provideservices for business applications.

The computer network system 200 includes an OTO service platform 225provided by the OTO application service provider, which can include thedata tag server 220, a database 223, and a task ID server 227. Asdiscussed in more detail below, the task ID server 227 manages andtracks tasks according to a timelines for each unique action or activitybetween an initiator and a participant. The database 223 storescharacteristics for each application (SDK, target servers, service andfunction, etc.), product IDs, information about third party serviceproviders, and identification and other information about OTOaccess-point router. The database 223 also stores identifications ofinitiators, participants, and service recipients, and status for eachunique activity based on an application.

The user terminal 240 can include a smart phone or a tablet computerequipped with a camera, handheld scanner, and RFID sensing device. Theuser terminal 240 can include a tag data acquisition module, a tag dataanalysis module, and an interaction control module. The tag dataacquisition module is configured to acquire data from data tags andstore the data. The tag data analysis module parses the tag data toobtain a set of data corresponding to services and functions for abusiness application. The interaction control module exchanges serviceand function information with corresponding target servers 250, toaccomplish appropriate services and/or functions, and to complete thebusiness application.

The data-tag server 220 is configured to provide, to the user terminal240, tag data according to the services as well as service and functioninformation, corresponding to respective target servers 250. In someembodiments, at least part of data tag decoding tasks is conducted bythe data-tag server 220. The user terminal 240 can be a wired or awireless terminal, wherein the data-tag server 220 communicates with theuser terminal 240 through a computer network.

In the disclosed data tagging system, the data-tag server 220 thatissues data tag can store a list of application services andcorresponding service and function information, and information abouttarget servers 250 associated with the service and function information.The target server information includes API, parameters, and protocolabout the associated target servers 250.

Still referring to FIG. 2, service information and function informationcan include product information, location information, logisticsinformation, shopping mode selection, and order and payment information.In some embodiments, the service and function information include SDK 1,SDK 2 . . . , SDK n, which can include service Software SDKs andfunction SDKs corresponding to the services or functions. The serviceSDK and the function SDK respectively specify information about theirrespective target servers 250, such as application programming interface(API), parameters, and protocol associated with the target servers 250.

In some embodiments, the user terminal 240 further includes a selectioncontrol module operated by a user and configured to select some or allin the set of the service and function information.

In some embodiments, the user terminal 240 further includes a sequencecontrol module configured to determine the order (i.e. sequentialparallel) of the selected service and function information to exchangewith target servers.

By realizing OTO service definitions, integration, and collaboration,the disclosed system and methods transformed how services are organizedand provided, can achieve real-time services by collaboration acrossorganizations, and enable flexible combination of services, refinementof service units, and automated service coordination.

Referring to FIG. 3, an initiator can initiate a new application A, andin response, the data tag server 220 issues an application data tag. Theapplication can be business in nature, but also be used for social,charity, and governmental projects. The OTO platform issues anapplication ID at the same time for tracking the course of theapplication. The specification and ID of the application A are stored inthe database 223. A first participant scans the data application tagusing his or her smart device (i.e. a user terminal), acquiresinformation embedded in the application data tag with the help of theOTO service platform 225, and sends a request to the OTO serviceplatform 225. The initiation-response cycle starts and defines a uniqueaction (or activity). The task ID server 227 assigns an action ID A-1and the data tag server 220 issues an action data tag A-1 to the newaction. The action data tag A-1 not only stores information aboutapplication A (with more details described below) but also userinformation about the specific participant who started action A-1 aswell as that participant's specific parameters selected or entered forapplication A (i.e. which defines action A-1). Each action can includemultiple tasks for fulfilling a service. Each task in action A-1 istracked and managed by a task data tag issued by the data tag server 220and with a task ID A-1-1 or A-1-2 . . . assigned by the task ID server227. The OTO service platform tracks the tasks in action A-1, andupdates the task data tag over the course of action A-1 until the actionA-1 is completed (i.e. the service in the action is fulfilled). At itscompletion, the OTO service platform 225 issues a new task data tag tocapture the completed action A-1.

As an example, application A can be designed to sell a product. Anaction A-1 started by a participant based on application A can involvetasks such as “Check the product”, “Order”, “Payment”, and “Share withfriends”, which are defined in the original application A and stored inor can be accessed using information in action data tag A. These taskscan be managed using task data tags A-1-1, A-1-2, A-1-3, and A-1-4issued by the data tag server 220 and with IDs assigned by the task IDserver 227. If a participant checks the product, then orders, and thenpays for the product, three tasks are accomplished in action A-1 andtheir corresponding task data tags A-1-1, A-1-2, A-1-3 are updated bythe OTO service platform 225. If she shares Action A-1 with a friend,another task A-1-4 is created with a new task data tag A-1-4 is issuedby the OTO service platform 225. The task data tag A-1-4 can be scannedby her friend's device or other people's devices to use the service ofapplication A.

Similarly, other participants can scan the application data tag A tostart other actions A-2, A-3, etc. Each of the actions is tracked andmanaged by action data tag A-2, A-3, etc., which are issued by the datatag server 220. The action IDs A-2, A-3, etc. are assigned by the taskID server 227. Each of the actions based on the same application A isuniquely associated each initiator-response cycle and the particularparticipant.

The data tags A, A-1, A-1-1, or A, A-2, A-2-1 are associated with theeach other in a task family. The definitions and characteristics in theapplication data tag A can be copied into the action data tag A-1. Asdescribed, action data tag A-1 also includes the user identificationinformation for the participant who initiated the action as welladditional parameters the participant selected for the services definedin application A. In some embodiments, application ID A is copied in theaction data tag A-1 instead of the content in the application data tagA. Application ID A can serve as a link or pointer at the OTO serviceplatform for action data tag A to retrieve information about applicationA. Thus action data tag A can simply include the ID for application Aand additional content.

Similarly, task data tags A-1-1, A-1-2 can copy content oridentification from the action A-1 or the root application A, plusadditional information about the tasks. The identifications of actionA-1 or application A can serve as links to pointers to be used by theOTO service platform to retrieve relevant information. Using the actiontask ID A, task data tags A-1-1, A-1-2 can simply call the OTO serviceplatform 225 to perform tasks or services related to action A-1, whichcan save embedding too much data in the s task data tags A-1-1, A-1-2.Information related to application A such as user interface (UI) andservice interface (SI) can be retrieved from the OTO service platform225 for performing tasks A-1-1, A-1-2 in action A-1.

Thus task IDs A, A-1, A-1-1, A-2, A-2-1 have very flexible nestedstructure. Each task ID is unique; it properly reflects relationshipsbetween application, action, and tasks and can be used to track andmanage tasks for fulfilling actions based on applications.

In some embodiments, a new action can be built upon two differentapplications. Still referring to FIG. 3, an application B is initiatedby an initiator at the OTO service platform 225. The OTO serviceplatform issues an application data tag B. The OTO service platform 225enables a participant to use his or her smart device to scan theapplication data tag A and the application data tag B, and create a newapplication based on both application A and application B. Theparticipant acquires information about the two original applications andinitiates additional action AB-1 based on both applications A and B. TheOTO service platform 225 issues a new action data tag AB-1, andsubsequently assigns task ID AB-1-1, AB-1-1 . . . to track and managetasks in the action AB-1. The services, functions, tasks, and othercharacteristics in application data tag A and B can be copied or simplylined via application ID's A and B into the action data tag with task IDAB-1.

In some embodiments, an action or task data tag can include a pluralityof application IDs that can define parallel tasks or cascaded tasks fromparent applications. An action or a task data tag can thus be linked toa plurality of applications by simple identifications of establishedapplications. Thus extremely complex tasks and services can berepresented, managed, and tracked in an elegant and simple manner, whichmakes the fulfillment of services much more effective. Furthermore,commercial applications can be easily expanded by building on utilizingalready defined applications and their already developed task ID andassociated infrastructure defined in the IDs. Moreover, collaborationsbetween different parties are encouraged to achieve synergies andefficiencies for the economy and society. The accurate recording oftasks in task data tags allow accurate computation of contributions madeby different parties in fulfilling services in an application.

The disclosed method of using data tags to track and manageapplications, actions, and tasks can include one or more of thefollowing steps. Referring to FIG. 4, an initiator sends a request to anOTO service platform to initiate an application which provides one ormore services by performing a number of tasks in certain sequence usinga number of functions and resources (e.g. target and applicationservers). The initiator specifies SDK, applications, and target serversfor fulfilling the service(s) on the OTO service platform. The data tagserver in the OTO service platform issues an application data tag toinitiate the application (step 410). The application data tag can storeSDK, applications, and functions and information about the targetservers for fulfilling the service(s). The information about the targetservers comprises application programming interface (API), parameters,and protocol associated with the target servers.

The characteristics in the application data tag are stored in the database in the OTO service platform. At this point, the application datatag is not effective yet because there may or may not be usersinterested in using the application. The values for status for the tasksare set to zero. The application data tag also includes data fields forstoring information about a participant (or the person who orders theservice) and a recipient of the first service. Before the application isactivated and becomes effective, the recipient data field is set asblank or zero. The data tag can be printed in a physical data tag, ordisplayed in an electronic device.

The OTO service platform tracks and records the status of the activityand updates the task data tag throughout the fulfilling process untilthe task is completed.

If a participant is interested in using the application, he or she scansthe application data tag with his or her device (i.e. user terminal),and decodes the application data tag to acquire information about theapplication and responds to the OTO service platform (step 420). Theinformation acquired can include SDK, the information about targetserver(s), and related user identification. The participant sends arequest to the OTO service platform to initiate a new action based onthe application (step 420). In the request, the participant specifies arecipient for the service and parameters that he or she wants for thisaction (e.g. product or service types, quantity, quality level, deliverytime).

The OTO service platform receives the request from the participant andissues action data tag to track and manage the action based on theapplication (step 430). The action data tag is embedded with informationthat identifies the service orderer (i.e. the participant) and therecipient of the service, and tasks to be performed by incorporating orlinking to the content from the application data tag and informationstored at the OTO service platform. The task ID server in the OTOservice platform assigns a unique action ID for the action initiated bythe specific participant for a specific recipient. It should be notedthat different action IDs are required for different actions initiatedby different responses to a same application data tag.

The data tag server and the task ID server in the OTO service platformrespectively issues task data tags and assigns task ID to the tasks inthe action (step 440). As described above, the task ID server managestask IDs for tasks in each action based on each application supported bythe OTO service platform. Task data can include characteristics such asfunction and service, service contract and process management,participating members, the recipient of the service, and timelines, etc.The task data is embedded in a task data tag.

As tasks defined in the task data tags are completed by the servers,applications, and SDKs define therein, the task data tags are updated bythe OTO service platform (step 450). When all the tasks in an action arefinished, a completed action data tag is issued by the data tag serverto capture the status of the completed action (step 460).

As described above, tasks, actions, and applications are uniquelyidentified, tracked, and their relationships clearly defined usingdynamically varying data tags. Tasks, actions, and applications can thusbe much more effectively managed and the results can be quantitativelyimproved. The presently disclosed task data tags are dynamic and livingdata objects which vary as functions of timeline in the associatedaction. Thus, the presently disclosed data tags are very different fromthe static data tag objects in conventional systems.

Other details about systems, platforms, methods, and applications of thedata tags are also disclosed in commonly assigned pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/383,824, titled “System and method for trackingand utilizing data tag carriers”, filed on Sep. 8, 2014, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/390,138, titled “Platform and application methodfor inter-system data exchange based data tags”, filed on Oct. 2, 2014,and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/461,408, titled “Apparatus andmethod for data-tag based object-to-object applications”, filed on Aug.17, 2014, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The above discussed data tagging methods and system are furtherillustrated by following examples:

Example 1 Product Ordering in Response to Tag Data

During store shopping, a consumer can use a mobile phone to take pictureof data tag such as a 2D code on a commodity. An application (i.e. APP)installed on the mobile phone can decode the 2D code in the capturedimage and obtain application service embedded in the 2D code to orderthe commodity. The consumer can also obtain service information andfunction information such as product information, location information,logistics information, shopping mode selection, and order and paymentinformation.

Specifically, the mobile phone first uses the application to connect tothe server that maintains the product information via a mobile wirelessnetwork, acquires the product information, and displays it on the mobilephone. Then a location server (an example of a target server) determinesthe location of the consumer, and his or her relative location to themanufacturer and the storage warehouse. Web-based product orderinformation is provided to the consumer. A purchase-method selectionserver (another example of a target server) integrates product andlogistic information, and provides the consumer different purchaseprices for different purchase methods. After the consumer confirms apurchase method, an order server (another example of a target server)transmits the order to the store for ordering from existing stock.Alternatively, the order server can send to order directly to themanufacturer and a logistics vendor through a computer network. Finally,the consumer can complete product purchase by making payment using hisor her mobile phone. It should be noted that such 2D codes can also beprinted directly in advertisements on newspapers and magazines.Consumers can process the product purchase by capture the image of the2D codes on newspapers or magazines.

Thus, the generation of a 2D code for product ordering only requiresthat the service and function information and information aboutcorresponding target servers to be contained in the corresponding SDKs.The user terminal can decode the 2D code and communicate with targetservers directly to fulfill orders. Thus, the tasks of an order serverare decomposed, which refines the 2D code application, providing moreflexible services and functions, at lower cost.

Example 2 TV Set-Top Boxes

With the increased popularity of high-definition television, TV set-topboxes become common household electronic devices and in hotels. HDprograms typically require users to pay a fee. However, the right towatch HD programs is tied to a specific TV set-top box. It is difficultfor a user to watch the HD programs on a different TV set-top box.Moreover, another difficulty is to allow users to watch HD TV programsfor a short term in hotels and other venues.

The data tagging method and system enable a data tag such as a 2D codeto be displayed on TV after the TV set-top box is turned on. A user cantake a picture of the 2D code using a mobile phone. The mobile phone candecode the 2D code, extract service information for the paid TVprograms, and can obtain information about authentication, permissions,payment information, and other services and features.

First, the 2D code includes information about an authentication server(another example of a target server). The user can authenticate his orher identification through authentication server, and then register orlogin via an authorization server. If the user has purchased the pay-TVservice, the authorization server sends to right-to-use confirmation,via a computer network, to the specific TV set-top box that the user isusing, which allows the user to TV programs on the specific TV connectedto the TV set-top box. Thus, the right to watch pay-TV is no longer tiedto a specific TV set-top box. A consumer can watch pay-TV programs onany set-top box. If the user has not purchased a pay-TV service, theuser can pay for the pay-TV service using the purchase informationextracted from the 2D code on his or her mobile phone. The mobile phonecan communicate directly with a purchase server (another example of atarget server) to complete the order. The simplified pay-TV process isvery suitable for short-term user of pay-TV services, in hotels etc.

Moreover, suitable data tags can include printed data codes (1D, 2D, 3Dcodes) and RFID tags. Examples of 2D codes include, but not limited to,two-dimensional barcodes, data matrix codes, or QR codes, etc. The 2Dcodes are first captured the smart user terminal and decoded by thesoftware application on the smart user terminal to obtain tag data. Thetag data is then parsed and analyzed by the analysis server to extractservice and function information from the tag data. The softwareapplication (e.g. the mobile application on the smart phone) receivesthe service and function information and displays them on the smartterminal, as shown in FIG. 2. On the other hand, RFID tags can storeservice and function. Once retrieved, the mobile application can displaysuch information at the user terminal without involving an analysisserver.

The disclosed method and system include the following features:

1. Unified encoding rules for tag data. A data tag server generates datatags according to services and functions to be provided and received,wherein the data tags can be retrieved by applications on intelligentuser terminals.

2. Tag data retrieved by the intelligent terminals are defined by acombination of the data tag server and intelligent user terminals,target servers that provide services, and collaborative approach toprovide services.

3. An analysis server parses the tag data retrieved by the intelligentterminal to obtain SDKs related to target servers and services, andprovides the SDKs the intelligent terminal.

4. The tag data is configured to provide and/or receive all services andfunctions necessary for a business application. A user can choose aservice or function through a software application (e.g. a mobile App)at an intelligent terminal to interact with target servers, toaccomplish actions and service contracts by coordinating services andthe corresponding target servers.

The disclosed method and system can include one or more of the followingadvantages:

1. Flexible combination of services. Services can be flexibly combinedand coordinated in response to data tag scanning by a user and userdefined services. Tag data include SDKs that define relationship betweendifferent target servers based on services, target servers, and servicecontracts. The disclosed methods also assure coordination among servicesand in-depth specialization and optimization of resources.

2. More user friendly experiences. The disclosed tag data improvefriendliness and user operability of the user interface. A user canselect appropriate services at a user interface according to thespecific combination of services that is desirable to the user.

3. In-depth utilization of a portfolio of services allows separation ofauthentication, payment, and service fulfillment, which increases thesystem security.

In the disclosed data tagging methods and system, a user terminalobtains data from data tag using a tag data acquisition module, parsesthe tag data using a tag data analysis module to acquire correspondingbusiness applications and associated service and function information.An interaction control module in the user terminal then interactivelycommunicates with target servers to exchange service and functioninformation to fulfill business application. In the disclosed datatagging methods and system, the user terminal can implement businessapplication based on the tag data, and directly accomplish services andfunctions by interacting with target servers that provide such servicesand functions, which eliminates the need for a central applicationserver to fulfill the services. Different in complex businessapplications can therefore by accomplished by distributed interactivetarget servers, which effectively simplifies operation of utilizing tagdata, reduces the costs of building application servers by serviceproviders. The disclosed data tagging methods and system are moreconvenient and of lower cost, which allow wider applications datatagging, with improved user experiences.

In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5, a computer network system 500for providing services using data tags includes a service definitionserver 210, one or more data-tag servers 220 for generating and issuingdata tags (e.g. 2D code) and for analyzing data obtained from data tags,data tags 230 published on electronic media or printed on paper media, adata base 230 in connection with the one or more data tag servers 220, asmart user terminal 240 (e.g. a smart phone) installed with a softwareapplication configured to capture an image of the data tag and decodethe data tag, which is subsequently analyzed by the data-tag server 220,and one or more target servers 250 that provide services for businessapplications.

The computer network system 500 also includes an OTO access-point router520 that is configured to communicate with the user terminal 240, thedata-tag server 220, and the one or more target servers 250. The OTOaccess-point router 520 can communicate with the user terminal 240 basedon a wireless standard such as WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, etc.As described above, the computer network system 500 includes an OTOservice platform 225 provided by the OTO application service provider,which can include the data tag server 220, a database 223, and a task IDserver 227. The OTO access-point router 520 can be provided by the sameOTO application service provider, or by a third party owner thatpartners with the OTO application service provider in providing datatag-based OTO application services.

The target servers 250 can include remote and local severs. Localservers can be distributed at locations close to user terminals, whichincrease data transfer and processing speeds for initiating andexecuting OTO application services. The target servers 250 can alsoinclude private and public servers. The private servers can function asmaster servers that drive the public servers (slave). For example, formost small companies, the user terminals 240 interact directly withpublic target servers 250 which perform most tasks for businessapplications. Large companies, on the other hand, can own most of thetarget servers in a private platform. The user terminals 240 only go topublic target servers when needed. The private target servers performmost of the tasks.

An exemplified detailed system block diagram of the OTO access-pointrouter 520 is shown in FIG. 6. The OTO access-point router 520 performsthe functions of a router but also includes the functions of a wirelessaccess-point. The OTO access-point router 520 can include a centralprocessor 410 that can perform processing tasks in a wireless routersuch as coding, decoding, and processing signals, and controlling othercomponents in the OTO access-point router 520. The central processor 610can output to and receive data from one or more transmission andreception circuits in for different wireless frequency bands (e.g. 2.4GHz and 5 GHz). The central processor 610 can wirelessly communicatewith the user terminal 240, the data-tag server 220, and the targetservers 250 (FIG. 3). For example, in a first band, a transmissioncircuit 621 and a reception circuit 622 can be switched by a duplexer631 to transmit or receive signals to or from an antenna 641. Thetransmission circuit 621 includes a power amplifier and a circuit forconverting a data signal to an RF signal to be transmitted by theantenna 641. The reception circuit 622 includes a linear amplifier and acircuit for converting an RF signals received from the antenna 641 to adata signal. Portions of the transmission circuit 621 and the receptioncircuit 622 can be combined in a transceiver circuit. Similarly, inanother band, a transmission circuit 625 and a reception circuit 626 canbe switched by a duplexer 632 to transmit or receive signals to or fromwith an antenna 645. The wireless signals received by the antenna 641,645 can include data tag information decoded from data tags. The centralprocessor 610 can extract, from the data tag information, service andfunction information related to an application service as well asinformation about target servers to conduct tasks to fulfill thebusiness application.

The central processor 610 can be connected to one or more wiredcommunication ports such as a LAN (local area network) port 651 and aWAN (wide area network) port 655, to communicate with the data-tagserver 220 and the target servers 250 (FIG. 5). The central processor610 can also be connected with an oscillator 661, a memory 662, and adevice description repository 663. The device description repository 663stores a list of registered user terminals which are authorized toreceiving OTO services. Once contacts are set up with these userterminals, the requests for service and function information andinteractions with target servers can proceed without the need forauthorization and log-in every time.

The OTO access-point router 520 also includes an OTO applicationcontroller 680 in communication with the central processor 610. The OTOapplication controller 680 stores information essential for fulfillingOTO services using data tags, which includes a product serial number(S/N) that uniquely identifies the OTO access-point router 520. The OTOapplication controller 680 can also store an OTO service activation ID.The product S/N and the OTO service activation ID are encrypted to avoidbeing tampered. The OTO application controller 680 can store terms for aleasing management (the time period and types of OTO services that areauthorized on the router, etc.) consistent with the agreement stored inthe database 223. The OTO application controller 680 can manage thetransmission of content from the data tag server 220 and the targetservers 250. The OTO application controller 680 can also take datainquiries from the user terminal 240 or from the data tag server 220 orthe target servers 250 and conduct data analyses. In another example,the OTO application controller 680 can also manage advertisement,promotion, and product or service announcements sent from target serversto the user terminals. The OTO application controller 680 can alsodirect user terminals to private target servers 250 (as described above)if the user terminals are on the list of preapproved users.

In some embodiments, the OTO access-point router 520 can also performsome of the above described functions of the data-tag servers 220 (FIGS.2 and 5). After a data tag is acquired and decoded by the user terminal240, the decoded information is sent to the OTO access-point router 520.The OTO application controller 680 can extract service and functioninformation related to an application service from the decoded data-taginformation. The OTO application controller 680 can also extractinformation about a group of target servers that are set up to fulfillthe application service. In this distributed approach, the OTOaccess-point router 520 is regularly (e.g. hourly, daily, etc.) updatedby the one or more data-tag servers 220 about available applicationservices, service and function information related to each applicationservice, and information about target servers for fulfilling theapplication services. Such information are encrypted and securely storedin the OTO application controller 680.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the OTO access-point router 520 can includea physical data tag attached to its outer surface, or a data tagdisplayed in an electronic display panel. The soft electronic data tagdisplayed in a display panel on the OTO access-point router 520 is basedon the data (product S/N, activation ID, etc.) stored in the OTOapplication controller 680. The data tag is encoded with the router'sproduct serial number and the OTO service activation ID. The data tagcan also be stored and encoded in an RFID (radio frequencyidentification) tag or NFC (near field communication) tag, which can beread by a respective RFID or NFC sensor in the user terminal 140. Insome embodiments, the data in the electronic data tags can be controlledand varied by the OTO application controller 680.

This data tag can be originally issued by the one or more data servers220 operated by the OTO service provider, and labeled on or stored inthe OTO access-point router 520 during the router's manufacturingprocess. To set up the OTO access-point router 520 for OTO service, theperson that installs the OTO access-point router 520 uses a userterminal 240 such as a smart phone to scan the data tag displayed on theOTO access-point router 520. The tag data analysis module in the userterminal 240 parses the tag data to obtain the product serial number andthe OTO service activation ID. After proper authentication and log-in,the user terminal 240 can send the acquired information to the one ormore data tag servers 220 operated by the OTO service provider, whichactivates the specific OTO access-point router 520 (based on its productS/N) to enable the fulfillment of OTO services based on data tags.

Once activated, the product S/N of the OTO access-point router 520 istied to the router owner's user ID (UID), and stored in the database 223operated by the OTO application service provider. The data tag server220 assigns an association index, also stored in the database 223, whichassociates the router's product S/N and the owner's UID at the OTOservice provider. The association index is subsequently sent to the userterminal 240.

The OTO application services of the OTO access-point router 520 aredefined and governed by an OTO application agreement stored in thedatabase 223. For example, the agreement can define the terms underwhich the OTO access-point router 520 is leased to a user.

Once set-up, the OTO access-point router 520 can facilitate fulfillingOTO services for user terminals 240. As described above, a user terminal240 (which may be different from the user terminal used to activate theOTO access-point router) can be a smart phone or a tablet computerequipped with a camera, handheld scanner, and RFID sensing device. Theuser terminal 240 can include a tag data acquisition module, a tag dataanalysis module, and an interaction control module. The tag dataacquisition module is configured to acquire data from data tags andstore the data. The tag data analysis module parses the tag data toobtain a set of data corresponding to services and functions for abusiness application. The interaction control module exchanges serviceand function information with corresponding target servers 250, toaccomplish appropriate services and/or functions, and to complete thebusiness application. The one or more data-tag servers 220 can providetag data according to the services as well as service and functioninformation, corresponding to respective target servers 250. In someembodiments, at least part of data tag decoding tasks is conducted bythe data-tag server 220.

Similar to above described in relation to FIGS. 2-4, the OTOaccess-point router 520 communicate with user terminals that scanapplication tags, action tags, and help track, manage, and update tasktags. In some embodiments, application, action, and task data tags canstore identification of other application, action, and task data tagsinstead of the content of the other application, action, and task datatags. The OTO access-point router 520 can store service and functioninformation for applications and information about target servers thatare to fulfill the tasks in the applications. The OTO access-pointrouter 520 can also store user and recipient information in an action oraction data tag, status of tasks in an action, and etc. The OTOaccess-point router 520 can also store relationship betweenapplications, actions, and tasks including secondary applications. TheOTO access-point router 520 can synchronize the stored information withthe OTO service platform 225 (e.g. the database 223).

The user terminal 240 can be a wired or a wireless terminal that cancommunicate with the data-tag server 220 via the OTO access-point router520 in a wired and wireless computer network. The database 223 can storea list of application services and corresponding service and functioninformation, and information about target servers 250 associated withthe service and function information. The target server informationincludes API, parameters, and protocol about the associated targetservers 250. Using the information obtained from the data tag, the userterminal 240 can communicate with the target servers 250 via the OTOaccess-point router 520, to request the target servers 250 to fulfillvarious tasks specified in the service and function information in orderto fulfill the business application.

The service information and function information can include productinformation, location information, logistics information, shopping modeselection, and order and payment information. In some embodiments, theservice and function information include SDK 1, SDK 2 . . . , SDK n,which can include service Software SDKs and function SDKs correspondingto the services or functions. The service SDK and the function SDKrespectively specify information about their respective target servers250, such as application programming interface (API), parameters, andprotocol associated with the target servers 250.

In some embodiments, the user terminal 240 further includes a selectioncontrol module operated by a user and configured to select some or allin the set of the service and function information. In some embodiments,the user terminal 240 further includes a sequence control moduleconfigured to determine the order (i.e. sequential parallel) of theselected service and function information to exchange with targetservers.

By realizing OTO service definitions, integration, and collaboration,the disclosed system and methods transformed how services are organizedand provided, can achieve real-time services by collaboration acrossorganizations, and enable flexible combination of services, refinementof service units, and automated service coordination.

FIG. 6 illustrates some exemplified functions of the OTO access-pointrouter 520, the user terminal 240, and OTO services that can befulfilled by the computer network system 500 (FIGS. 5 and 6). The userterminal allows a user to register OTO service at an OTO serviceprovider, and log into such a service. The user terminal 240 displaysrelevant OTO service information received from the data-tag server 220,the target servers 250, and the OTO access-point router 520.

As described above, the OTO access-point router 520 stores informationneeded to activate OTO service of the OTO access-point router 520 suchas produce S/N and OTO activation ID. If applicable, the OTOaccess-point router 520 can also store information about equipmentleasing.

The OTO access-point router 520 can manage the transmission of contentfrom the data tag server 220 and the target servers 250. In Example 2above, the OTO access-point router 520 can control the type and therates of content (e.g. including customized news, movies, TV shows, andadvertisements) being delivered to the TV set-top boxes and TV.

The OTO access-point router 520 can also take data inquiries from theuser terminal 240 or from the data tag server 220 or the target servers250 and conduct data analyses. In Example 1 above, the OTO access-pointrouter 520 can record the types of products the user is interested, thetimes and frequencies of the product ordering, and the location of theuser terminal 240. In Example 2 above, the OTO access-point router 520can collect user's TV watching patterns. Relevant information can bereported to target servers 250 so their services can be improved.

In some embodiments, as described above, the OTO application controller680 in the OTO access-point router 520 can store information aboutavailable application services, service and function information relatedto each application service, and information about target servers forfulfilling the application services. Such information is regularly (e.g.hourly, daily, etc.) updated by the one or more data-tag servers 220,which is encrypted and securely stored in the OTO application controller680. When a data tag is acquired by a user terminal, the centralprocessor 610 in the OTO access-point router 520 can extract service andfunction information related to an application service from the datatag, and information about target servers for fulfilling the applicationservice, without having it performed at a remote data-tag server. TheOTO access-point router 520 can send the service and functioninformation related to an application service to the user terminal 240via the transmission circuits 621 or 625 and their reception antenna631, 632.

Still referring to FIG. 7, OTO services that can be fulfilled by the OTOaccess-point router 520, the one or more data-tag servers 220 and thetarget servers 250 include producing an association index, producing orlinking to a user ID, issuing data tags, activity data collection, andproviding services for enterprise IDs, physical IDs, and applicationIDs.

As described above, the presently disclosed OTO service platform (FIGS.2 and 5) can support a plurality of applications (such as commercial,government, or non-profit organization applications). In someembodiments, the OTO service platform allows a participant to generate asecondary application based on original applications. Referring to FIG.8, a participant can use a user terminal to scan an application data tagA and an application data tag B which are based on separateapplications. Information in the two application data tags is extractedby the user terminal. The participant can send request to the OTOservice platform to initiate a new application based on the two existingapplications A and B. The OTO service platform establishes the newapplication and issues a new application data tag AB-1. The applicationdata tag AB-1 can be scanned by other participant to start new actionAB-1-1 with associated data tag AB-1-1 issued by the data tag server inthe OTO service platform. The action AB-1-1 can include tasks AB-1-1-1,etc. which can be tracked by their respective task data tags.

As previously described, application, action, and task data tags canembed the content or IDs of the data tags of their base applications oractions. The nested data tags uniquely define relationships betweentasks, actions, and original and secondary applications.

It should be noted that application AB-1 is different from action AB-1in that action AB-1 is created by a participant who ordered a servicehimself or herself, whereas application AB-1 is a new (commercial)application that is created by an entrepreneur to provide services forothers.

As an example, application A is for selling a blouse. Application B isfor selling a skirt. A creative participant creates a fashion set thatputs the blouse and the skirt together (which match in colors andstyles). The participant initiates a new application AB-1 based on theoriginal applications A and B to sell the set of blouse and skirt. Thusthe secondary applications encourage entrepreneurship and cansignificantly expand and scale up commercial activities.

One distinct advantage of the presently disclosed systems and methodsthat they support complex applications and activities, and allowfeatures to be added and expanded from existing applications. Thus largeand complex applications can be broken down to simple applications andtasks, which can be independently available to users.

In summary, the disclosed data tag systems and methods not only enablecomplex applications to be easily developed based on existingapplications, but also encourage different parties to collaborate togeneral new opportunities for the business and new services forcustomers, which results in a much healthy digitally enabled businessecosystem. The disclosed data tag systems and methods can also quantifycontributions from different contributors for fulfilling a service,which allows accurate payment to be rewarded to different contributors.

In the present specification, the present invention has been describedwith specific examples. However, it should be noted that variousmodifications and variations may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification anddrawings are to be regarded for illustrative rather than restrictivepurposes.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer network system for using data tags totrack, manage, and update applications and tasks to provideObject-to-Object (OTO) services, comprising: one or more data tagservers in an OTO service platform configured to receive an initiationof a first application by a first initiator, wherein the one or moredata tag servers are configured to issue a first application data tagthat specifies at least one first task for fulfilling a first service inthe first application, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to issue a first action data tag when the first applicationdata tag is scanned by a first user terminal operated by a firstparticipant, wherein the one or more data tag servers are configured toissue a first dynamically variable task data tag to track the first taskin the first action, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to update the first dynamically variable task data tag torecord completion of the first task in the first action when the firsttask in the first action is completed, wherein the one or more data tagservers are configured to receive an initiation of a second applicationby a second initiator and to issue a second application data tag thatspecifies at least one task for fulfilling a second service in thesecond application, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to initiate a third application when the first applicationdata tag and the second application data tag are scanned by a fourthuser terminal operated by a third participant, wherein the one or moredata tag servers are configured to receive a request from the thirdparticipant to add a third service in the third application, wherein theone or more data tag servers are configured to issue a fourth actiondata tag that specifies tasks to fulfill the first service, the secondservice, and the third service in the third application.
 2. The computernetwork system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to receive information of a recipient of the first servicefrom the first user terminal and to embed the information about therecipient in the first action data tag.
 3. The computer network systemof claim 2, wherein the one or more data tag servers are configured toembed the identification of the first participant in the first actiondata tag.
 4. The computer network system of claim 1, wherein the firstapplication data tag stores functions or information about targetservers for fulfilling the first service.
 5. The computer network systemof claim 4, wherein the information about the target servers comprisesapplication programming interface (API), parameters, and protocolassociated with the target servers.
 6. The computer network system ofclaim 1, further comprising: a data base in communication with the oneor more data tag servers and configured to store information about thefirst application including at least the first initiator, the firsttask, and the first service.
 7. The computer network system of claim 1,further comprising: an OTO access-point router in communication with theone or more data tag servers and the first user terminal, configured tostore information about the first application including at least thefirst initiator, the first task, and the first service.
 8. The computernetwork system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data tag servers areconfigured to issue a second action data tag that specifies a secondaction when the first application data tag is scanned by a second userterminal operated by a second participant, wherein the one or more datatag servers are configured to issue a second dynamically variable taskdata tag to track at least one task in the second action, wherein theone or more data tag servers are configured to update the seconddynamically variable task data tag to record completion of the at leastone task in the second action when the at least one task in the secondaction is completed.
 9. The computer network system of claim 1, whereinthe one or more data tag servers are configured to receive an initiationof a second application by a second initiator and to issue a secondapplication data tag that specifies at least one first task forfulfilling a second service in the second application, wherein the oneor more data tag servers are configured to issue a third action data tagthat specifies a third action when the first application data tag andthe second application data tag are scanned by a third user terminaloperated by a third participant, wherein the one or more data tagservers are configured to issue dynamically variable task data tags totrack one or more tasks in the third action, wherein the one or moredata tag servers are configured to update the third dynamically variabletask data tags to record completion of the one or more tasks in thethird action when the one or more tasks in the third action iscompleted.
 10. The computer network system of claim 1, wherein the oneor more data tag servers are configured to issue dynamically variabletask data tags to track the tasks in a fourth action, wherein the one ormore data tag servers are configured to update the dynamically variabletask data tags to record completion of the tasks in the fourth actionwhen the tasks in the fourth action are completed.
 11. The computernetwork system of claim 1, wherein the first application data tag, thefirst action data tag, or the first dynamically variable task data isprinted on a physical tag.
 12. The computer network system of claim 1,wherein the first application data tag, the first action data tag, orthe first dynamically variable task data is displayed in an electronicdevice.
 13. The computer network system of claim 1, wherein the firstapplication data tag, the first action data tag, or the firstdynamically variable task data comprise a one-dimensional code, atwo-dimensional code, a two-dimensional barcode, a data matrix code, aQR code, or a three-dimensional code.
 14. The computer network system ofclaim 1, wherein the first application data tag is decoded to extractthe at least one first task for fulfilling the first service.